Interactivity API

Vitest 使用 Chrome DevTools Protocol 或 webdriver API 实现了 @testing-library/user-event应用程序接口的子集，而不是伪造事件，这使得浏览器行为更加可靠和一致。

几乎每个 userEvent 方法都继承了其provider选项。要在集成开发环境中查看所有可用选项，请在 tsconfig.json 文件中添加 webdriver 或 playwright 类型：

playwright

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "types": [
      "@vitest/browser/providers/playwright"
    ]
  }
}

webdriverio

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "types": [
      "@vitest/browser/providers/webdriverio"
    ]
  }
}

userEvent.setup

• Type: () => UserEvent

创建一个新的用户事件实例。如果需要保持键盘状态，以便正确按下和释放按钮，这将非常有用。

WARNING

与 @testing-library/user-event 不同，来自 @vitest/browser/context 的默认 userEvent 实例只创建一次，而不是每次调用其方法时都创建一次！您可以从本代码段中看到其工作方式的不同之处：

import { userEvent as vitestUserEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { userEvent as originalUserEvent } from '@testing-library/user-event'

await vitestUserEvent.keyboard('{Shift}') // press shift without releasing
await vitestUserEvent.keyboard('{/Shift}') // releases shift

await originalUserEvent.keyboard('{Shift}') // press shift without releasing
await originalUserEvent.keyboard('{/Shift}') // DID NOT release shift because the state is different

这种行为更有用，因为我们并没有模拟键盘，而是实际按下了 Shift 键，所以保留原来的行为会在字段中键入时造成意想不到的问题。

userEvent.click

• Type: (element: Element, options?: UserEventClickOptions) => Promise<void>

点击元素。继承 provider 的选项。有关此方法如何工作的详细说明，请参阅 provider 的文档。

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('clicks on an element', async () => {
  const logo = screen.getByRole('img', { name: /logo/ })

  await userEvent.click(logo)
})

References:

• Playwright locator.click API
• WebdriverIO element.click API
• testing-library click API

userEvent.dblClick

• Type: (element: Element, options?: UserEventDoubleClickOptions) => Promise<void>

触发元素的双击事件

请参阅你的 provider 的文档以获取有关此方法如何工作的详细说明。

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('triggers a double click on an element', async () => {
  const logo = screen.getByRole('img', { name: /logo/ })

  await userEvent.dblClick(logo)
})

References:

• Playwright locator.dblclick API
• WebdriverIO element.doubleClick API
• testing-library dblClick API

userEvent.tripleClick

• Type: (element: Element, options?: UserEventTripleClickOptions) => Promise<void>

Triggers a triple click event on an element. Since there is no tripleclick in browser api, this method will fire three click events in a row, and so you must check click event detail to filter the event: evt.detail === 3.

Please refer to your provider's documentation for detailed explanation about how this method works.

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('triggers a triple click on an element', async () => {
  const logo = screen.getByRole('img', { name: /logo/ })
  let tripleClickFired = false
  logo.addEventListener('click', (evt) => {
    if (evt.detail === 3) {
      tripleClickFired = true
    }
  })

  await userEvent.tripleClick(logo)
  expect(tripleClickFired).toBe(true)
})

References:

• Playwright locator.click API: implemented via click with clickCount: 3 .
• WebdriverIO browser.action API: implemented via actions api with move plus three down + up + pause events in a row
• testing-library tripleClick API

userEvent.fill

• Type: (element: Element, text: string) => Promise<void>

用文本填充 input/textarea/conteneditable。这将在输入新值之前移除输入框中的任何现有文本。

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('update input', async () => {
  const input = screen.getByRole('input')

  await userEvent.fill(input, 'foo') // input.value == foo
  await userEvent.fill(input, '{{a[[') // input.value == {{a[[
  await userEvent.fill(input, '{Shift}') // input.value == {Shift}
})

TIP

该 API 比使用 userEvent.type 或 userEvent.keyboard 更快，但不支持 user-event keyboard syntax （例如，{Shift}{selectall}）。

在不需要输入特殊字符的情况下，我们建议使用此 API 而不是 userEvent.type。

References:

• Playwright locator.fill API
• WebdriverIO element.setValue API
• testing-library type API

userEvent.keyboard

• Type: (text: string) => Promise<void>

通过 userEvent.keyboard 可以触发键盘输入。如果任何输入有焦点，它就会在该输入中键入字符。否则，它将触发当前焦点元素（如果没有焦点元素，则为 document.body）上的键盘事件。

This API supports user-event keyboard syntax.

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('trigger keystrokes', async () => {
  await userEvent.keyboard('foo') // translates to: f, o, o
  await userEvent.keyboard('{{a[[') // translates to: {, a, [
  await userEvent.keyboard('{Shift}{f}{o}{o}') // translates to: Shift, f, o, o
  await userEvent.keyboard('{a>5}') // press a without releasing it and trigger 5 keydown
  await userEvent.keyboard('{a>5/}') // press a for 5 keydown and then release it
})

References:

• Playwright Keyboard API
• WebdriverIO action('key') API
• testing-library type API

userEvent.tab

• Type: (options?: UserEventTabOptions) => Promise<void>

发送一个 Tab 键事件。这是userEvent.keyboard('{tab}')的简写。

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('tab works', async () => {
  const [input1, input2] = screen.getAllByRole('input')

  expect(input1).toHaveFocus()

  await userEvent.tab()

  expect(input2).toHaveFocus()

  await userEvent.tab({ shift: true })

  expect(input1).toHaveFocus()
})

References:

• Playwright Keyboard API
• WebdriverIO action('key') API
• testing-library tab API

userEvent.type

• Type: (element: Element, text: string, options?: UserEventTypeOptions) => Promise<void>

WARNING

如果不依赖 special characters（例如，{shift} 或 {selectall}），建议使用 userEvent.fill。

type 方法在 keyboard API 的基础上实现了 @testing-library/user-event 的 type 工具。

该函数允许您在 input/textarea/conteneditable 中键入字符。它支持 user-event keyboard syntax。

如果只需按下字符而无需输入，请使用 userEvent.keyboard API。

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('update input', async () => {
  const input = screen.getByRole('input')

  await userEvent.type(input, 'foo') // input.value == foo
  await userEvent.type(input, '{{a[[') // input.value == foo{a[
  await userEvent.type(input, '{Shift}') // input.value == foo{a[
})

References:

• Playwright locator.press API
• WebdriverIO action('key') API
• testing-library type API

userEvent.clear

• Type: (element: Element) => Promise<void>

此方法会清除输入元素的内容。

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('clears input', async () => {
  const input = screen.getByRole('input')

  await userEvent.fill(input, 'foo')
  expect(input).toHaveValue('foo')

  await userEvent.clear(input)
  expect(input).toHaveValue('')
})

References:

• Playwright locator.clear API
• WebdriverIO element.clearValue API
• testing-library clear API

userEvent.selectOptions

• Type: (element: Element, values: HTMLElement | HTMLElement[] | string | string[], options?: UserEventSelectOptions) => Promise<void>

The userEvent.selectOptions allows selecting a value in a <select> element.

WARNING

如果 select 元素没有 multiple 属性，Vitest 将只选择数组中的第一个元素。

与 @testing-library 不同，Vitest 目前不支持 listbox，但我们计划在将来添加对它的支持。

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('clears input', async () => {
  const select = screen.getByRole('select')

  await userEvent.selectOptions(select, 'Option 1')
  expect(select).toHaveValue('option-1')

  await userEvent.selectOptions(select, 'option-1')
  expect(select).toHaveValue('option-1')

  await userEvent.selectOptions(select, [
    screen.getByRole('option', { name: 'Option 1' }),
    screen.getByRole('option', { name: 'Option 2' }),
  ])
  expect(select).toHaveValue(['option-1', 'option-2'])
})

WARNING

webdriverio provider 不支持选择多个元素，因为它不提供选择多个元素的 API。

References:

• Playwright locator.selectOption API
• WebdriverIO element.selectByIndex API
• testing-library selectOptions API

userEvent.hover

• Type: (element: Element, options?: UserEventHoverOptions) => Promise<void>

该方法将光标位置移动到所选元素上。有关此方法如何工作的详细说明，请参阅 provider 的文档。

WARNING

如果使用的是 webdriverio provider，光标默认会移动到元素的中心。

如果使用的是 playwright provider，光标会移动到元素的某个可见点。

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('hovers logo element', async () => {
  const logo = screen.getByRole('img', { name: /logo/ })

  await userEvent.hover(logo)
})

References:

• Playwright locator.hover API
• WebdriverIO element.moveTo API
• testing-library hover API

userEvent.unhover

• Type: (element: Element, options?: UserEventHoverOptions) => Promise<void>

其作用与 userEvent.hover 相同，但会将光标移至 document.body 元素。

WARNING

默认情况下，光标位置位于主体元素的中心（在 webdriverio provider 中）或某个可见位置（在 playwright provider中），因此如果当前悬停的元素已经位于相同位置，本方法将不起作用。

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'

test('unhover logo element', async () => {
  const logo = screen.getByRole('img', { name: /logo/ })

  await userEvent.unhover(logo)
})

References:

• Playwright locator.hover API
• WebdriverIO element.moveTo API
• testing-library hover API

userEvent.dragAndDrop

• Type: (source: Element, target: Element, options?: UserEventDragAndDropOptions) => Promise<void>

将源元素拖到目标元素的顶部。不要忘记，源元素的draggable属性必须设置为 true。

import { userEvent } from '@vitest/browser/context'
import { screen } from '@testing-library/dom'
import '@testing-library/jest-dom' // adds support for "toHaveTextContent"

test('drag and drop works', async () => {
  const source = screen.getByRole('img', { name: /logo/ })
  const target = screen.getByTestId('logo-target')

  await userEvent.dragAndDrop(source, target)

  expect(target).toHaveTextContent('Logo is processed')
})

WARNING

preview provider不支持此 API。

References:

• Playwright frame.dragAndDrop API
• WebdriverIO element.dragAndDrop API